Twenty-one northern and border states retained the style and title of the United States, while the eleven slave states adopted the nomenclature of the Confederate States of America. The Union was thus divided approximately on geographic lines.
After hostilities began at Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor on April 12, 1861, the border states of Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina joined the new government, which then moved its capital to Richmond, Virginia. The first seven seceding states of the Lower South set up a provisional government at Montgomery, Alabama.
#LINCOLN MOVIE BATTLE CRY OF FREEDOM SERIES#
Secession, as it applies to the outbreak of the American Civil War, comprises the series of events that began on December 20, 1860, and extended through June 8 of the next year when eleven states in the Lower and Upper South severed their ties with the Union.
Could the North have prevented segregation from taking hold in the South after the Civil War?Ĭopyright © 2013 - Hudson Reynolds, Ph.D. Did Lincoln exceed his constitutional powers in waging war?. Was the “Civil War” truly a “war” or merely a “rebellion” as Lincoln claimed it was?. The final question concerns the expansion of national power during the Civil War, not simply with regard to curbing of state powers through the Civil War Amendments which occurred in the aftermath, but with the enhancement and possible abuse of Presidential powers during wartime. Lincoln and the Republican Party embraced the recognition of natural equality as the foundation for civil and political freedom, extended that principle universally to cover all men everywhere, and insisted that black slavery be acknowledged as a national evil, prohibited from further expansion, and placed on a course towards ultimate eradication. The South contended that slavery operated in accordance with natural differences among human beings and that the existence of a distinctive Southern culture as well as national economic prosperity demanded its protection. The second question resolves around the institution of slavery and its implications for the principle of democratic equality. Lincoln replied that the logic of minority refusal, resistance, and withdrawal would operate to fragment any democratic government. The South argued that the federal nature of the constitution reserved the right of individual states to unilaterally withdraw from the union if they disfavored either the legislation or the leadership as determined by the majority. The first involves the necessity of minority acquiescence to the principle of majority rule arrived at in accordance with constitutional procedure. The American Civil War raises several questions of fundamental interest to students of democracy.
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